ASTM D6971-2009 用线性扫描伏安法测量无锌涡轮机油中受阻酚和芳香胺抗氧化剂含量的标准试验方法
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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasurementofHinderedPhenolicandAromaticAmineAntioxidantContentinNon-zincTurbineOilsbyLinearSweepVoltammetry
【原文标准名称】:用线性扫描伏安法测量无锌涡轮机油中受阻酚和芳香胺抗氧化剂含量的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD6971-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D02.09.0C
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:2,6-di-tert-butyl-4methylphenol;2,6-di-tert-butylphenol;alkylateddiphenylamine;aromaticamineantioxidant;hinderedphenolantioxidant;in-serviceoils;linearsweepvoltammetry;non-zincturbine
【摘要】:Thequantitativedeterminationofhinderedphenolandaromaticamineantioxidantsinanewturbineoilmeasurestheamountofthesecompoundsthathasbeenaddedtotheoilasprotectionagainstoxidation.Besidephenols,turbineoilscanbeformulatedwithotherantioxidantssuchasamineswhichcanextendtheoillife.Inin-serviceoil,thedeterminationmeasurestheamountoforiginal(hinderedphenolandaromaticamine)antioxidantsremainingafteroxidationhasreduceditsinitialconcentration.Thistestmethodisnotdesignedorintendedtodetectalloftheantioxidantintermediatesformedduringthethermalandoxidativestressingoftheoils,whicharerecognizedashavingsomecontributiontotheremainingusefullifeofthein-serviceoil.Nordoesitmeasuretheoverallstabilityofanoil,whichisdeterminedbythetotalcontributionofallspeciespresent.Beforemakingfinaljudgmentontheremainingusefullifeofthein-serviceoil,whichmightresultinthereplacementoftheoilreservoir,itisadvisedtoperformadditionalanalyticaltechniques(asinaccordancewithTestMethodsD6224andD4378;seealsoTestMethodD2272),havingthecapabilityofmeasuringremainingoxidativelifeofthein-serviceoil.Thistestmethodisapplicabletonon-zinctypeofturbineoilsasdefinedbyISO6743Part4,Table1.Thesearerefinedmineraloilscontainingrustandoxidationinhibitors,butnotantiwearadditives.Thetestisalsosuitableformanufacturingcontrolandspecificationacceptance.Whenavoltammetricanalysisisobtainedforaturbineoilinhibitedwithatypicalsynergisticmixtureofhinderedphenolandaromaticamineantioxidants,thereisanincreaseinthecurrentoftheproducedvoltammogrambetween8to12s(or0.8to1.2Vappliedvoltage)(seeNote1)forthearomaticamines,andanincreaseinthecurrentoftheproducedvoltammogrambetween13and16s(or1.3to1.6Vappliedvoltage)(seeNote1)forthehinderedphenolsintheneutralacetonetestsolution(Fig.1:x-axis1s=0.1V).Hinderedphenolantioxidantsdetectedbyvoltammetricanalysisinclude,butarenotlimitedto,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol;2,6-di-tert-butylphenol;and4,4''-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol).Aromaticamineantioxidantsdetectedbyvoltammetricanalysisinclude,butarenotlimitedto,phenylalphanaphthylamines,andalkylateddiphenylamines.Note18212;Voltageslistedwithrespecttoreferenceelectrode.ThevoltammogramsshowninFigs.1and2wereobtainedwithaplatinumreferenceelectrodeandavoltagescanrateof0.1V/s.Forturbineoilcontainingonlyaromaticaminesasantioxidants,therewillonlybeanincreaseinthecurrentoftheproducedvoltammogrambetween8to12seconds(or0.8to1.2Vappliedvoltage)(seeNote1)forthearomaticamines,byusingtheneutralacetonetestsolution(firstpeakinFig.1).Forturbineoilscontainingonlyhinderedphenolicantioxidants,itispreferabletouseabasicalcoholtestsolutionratherthantheneutralacetonetestsolutions,asthereisanincreaseinthecurrentoftheproducedvoltammogrambetween3to6seconds(or0.3to0.6Vappliedvoltage)(seeNote1)inbasicalcoholtestsolution(Fig.2:x-axis1second=0.1V)inaccordancewithTestMethodD6810.Note8212;x-axis=time(seconds)andy-axisiscurrent(arbitraryunits)withtoplineinFig.2showingt.........
【中国标准分类号】:E34
【国际标准分类号】:75_160_20
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticesforSamplingforParticlesinAerospaceFluidsandComponents
【原文标准名称】:航空航天流体和部件中粒子取样的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMF303-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E21.05
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:aerospaceapplications;aerospacefluids/propellants;flowingfluidsampling;particulatecontamination;rinsefluidsampling;samplingx2014;aerospacefluids;samplingx2014;electronicmaterials/app
【摘要】:Althoughacleaningactionisimpartedtothetestcomponent,itisnottheintentofthispracticetoserveasacleaningprocedure.Componentsarenormallycleaneraftereachconsecutivetest;thusrepeatedtestsmaybeusedtoestablishprocesslimitsforagivencomponent(Fig.4).Aspecificsetoftestparametersmustbesuppliedbytheagencyspecifyingcleanlinesslimits.Fig.1,Fig.2,andFig.3maybeusedasaguidetoestablishthedesiredparametersoftestfluid,vibration,extraction,andanalysis.ThecurveinFig.4showsthetypicalbehaviorofacomponentwhentestedforcleanlinessseveralconsecutivetimes.Stabilizationgenerallyoccursbeforethefifthsuccessiverun.Thestabilizedregionstartswhereahorizontallinethroughthemaximumstabilizedvalueintersectsthecurve.Theallowablecleanlinesslimitofatestcomponentshouldbebasedonthecleanlinessrequirementsofthesysteminwhichitwillbeusedandtheassignedvalueshouldbegreaterthanthemaximumstabilizedvalue.Whendefiningtheallowablecleanlinesslimits,animportantconsiderationisthattheaccuracyoftheresultsdecreasesastheallowablelimitvalueapproachesthestabilizedvalue.FIG.4ContaminationperTestRunVersusConsecutiveTestRunNumber1.1Thesepracticescoversamplingproceduresforuseindeterminingtheparticlecleanlinessofliquidsandliquidsamplesfromcomponents.Threepractices,A,B,andC,havebeendevelopedonthebasisofcomponentgeometryinordertoencompassthewidevarietyofconfigurations.Thesepracticesestablishguidelinestobeusedinpreparingdetailedproceduresforsamplingspecificcomponents.Note18212;Thetermcleanlinessusedinthesepracticesreferstosolidparticlesintheliquid.Itdoesnotgenerallycoverotherforeignmattersuchasgases,liquids,andproductsofchemicaldegradation.Cleanlinesswithrespecttoparticulatecontaminationdoesnotnecessarilygiveanyindicationoftheothertypesofcontamination.1.2Allcomponents,regardlessofapplication,maybetestedprovided(1)thefluidmediumselectediscompletelycompatiblewiththematerials,packingandfluidusedinthetestcomponent,andtestapparatus,and(2)thefluidishandledinaccordancewiththemanufacturer''srecommendationsandprecautions.Aliquidshallbeusedasthetestfluidmedium.Thesetestfluidsmaybeflushing,rinsing,packing,enduseoperating,orsuitablesubstitutesforenduseoperatingfluids.(Warningx2014;Practicesforsamplingsurfacecleanlinessbythevacuumcleanertechnique(usedoncleanroomgarmentsandlargestoragetanks)samplinggaseousfluidsandhandlinghazardousfluidssuchasoxidizers,acids,propellants,andsoforth,arenotwithinthescopeofthepracticespresented;however,theymaybeincludedinaddendumsorseparatepracticesatalaterdate.Substitutefluidsarerecommendedinplaceofenditemfluidsforpreassemblycleanlinessdeterminationsoncomponentsusinghazardousenditemfluids.Afterobtainingthesample,thesubstitutefluidmustbetotallyremovedfromthetestpartwithparticularcautiongiventothepossibilityoftrappedfluid.Itishazardoustouseasubstitutefluidfortestingassembledpartswherethefluidcanbetrappedindeadends,behindseals,andsoforth.)Note28212;Thewordfluidusedinthesepracticesshallbeassumedtobealiquidunlessotherwisestated.1.3Thecleanlinessofassemblieswithorwithoutmovingpartsmaybedeterminedatthetime......
【中国标准分类号】:V04
【国际标准分类号】:49_080
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforSensoryAnalysis-Duo-TrioTest
【原文标准名称】:感官分析用标准试验方法.二、三点检验
【标准号】:ASTME2610-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:二、三点检验;个人保健;公共卫生;安全;感官分析;测试
【英文主题词】:Duo-Triotest;Personalhealth;Publichealth;Safety;Sensoryanalysis;Testing
【摘要】:1.1Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingwhetheraperceptiblesensorydifferenceexistsbetweensamplesoftwoproducts.1.2Thistestmethodapplieswhetheradifferencemayexistinasinglesensoryattributeorinseveral.1.3Thistestmethodisapplicablewhenthenatureofthedifferencebetweenthesamplesisunknown.Itdoesnotdeterminethesizeorthedirectionofthedifference.Theattribute(s)responsibleforthedifferencearenotidentified.1.4Comparedtothetriangletest,theduo-triotestisstatisticallylessefficient,buteasiertoperformbytheassessors.Fordetailsonhowtheduo-triotestcomparestootherthree-sampletests,seeRefs(1-4).21.5Thistestmethodisapplicableonlyiftheproductsarehomogeneous.Iftwosamplesofthesameproductcanoftenbedistinguished,thenanothermethod,forexample,descriptiveanalysis,maybemoreappropriate.1.6Thistestmethodisapplicableonlywhentheproductsdonotcauseexcessivesensoryfatigue,carryoveroradaptation.1.7Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:67_240
【页数】:8P;A4
【正文语种】:英语